:root {
  --ink: #14213d;
  --muted: #5f6b7a;
  --paper: #fffdf8;
  --surface: #ffffff;
  --line: #d7dee8;
  --teal: #087e8b;
  --coral: #d8572a;
  --gold: #f4b942;
  --green: #4f7d5a;
  --shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(20, 33, 61, 0.13);
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: Inter, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.65;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
}

img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.hero {
  min-height: 92vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f7fbfb 0%, var(--paper) 100%);
}

.topbar {
  width: calc(100% - 40px);
  max-width: 1180px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 22px 0;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;
}

.brand {
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--teal);
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 22px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.nav-links a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
  color: var(--coral);
}

.hero-body {
  width: calc(100% - 40px);
  max-width: 1160px;
  margin: auto;
  padding: 64px 0 90px;
  text-align: center;
}

.paper-meta,
.eyebrow {
  width: fit-content;
  margin: 0 auto 18px;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(8, 126, 139, 0.25);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--teal);
  background: rgba(8, 126, 139, 0.08);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

h1 {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto 24px;
  font-size: clamp(2.05rem, 4.2vw, 3.55rem);
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.title-mobile {
  display: none;
}

h2 {
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3vw, 2.7rem);
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.authors,
.affiliations {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 18px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
}

.authors {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.equal-star {
  margin-left: 1px;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.affiliations {
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.actions {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 34px 0 28px;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 10px 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--surface);
  color: var(--ink);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(20, 33, 61, 0.08);
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.button.primary {
  border-color: var(--teal);
  background: var(--teal);
  color: #fff;
}

.button:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(20, 33, 61, 0.16);
}

.button.disabled {
  cursor: default;
}

.button.disabled:hover {
  transform: none;
}

.button svg {
  width: 19px;
  height: 19px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 2;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.tldr {
  max-width: 860px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 18px 22px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--coral);
  background: rgba(216, 87, 42, 0.08);
  text-align: left;
  color: #2d3440;
}

.section-pad {
  padding: 78px 0;
}

.container {
  width: calc(100% - 40px);
  max-width: 1080px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.container.wide {
  width: calc(100% - 32px);
  max-width: 1240px;
}

.container.text {
  width: calc(100% - 40px);
  max-width: 840px;
}

.band {
  background: #eef6f3;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.section-heading {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin: 0 auto 34px;
  text-align: center;
}

.section-copy {
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 760px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.section-heading .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  background: rgba(244, 185, 66, 0.2);
  border-color: rgba(244, 185, 66, 0.5);
  color: #75530b;
}

.eyebrow.inline {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}

.figure-frame {
  margin: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--surface);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.figure-frame img {
  width: 100%;
  background: #fff;
}

.figure-frame figcaption {
  padding: 16px 20px 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.98rem;
}

.figure-frame.compact {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 36px auto 0;
}

.circuit-intro {
  background: #ffffff;
}

.schematic-frame {
  max-width: 980px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.flow-grid,
.method-grid,
.equation-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}

.flow-grid {
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}

.method-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.equation-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 28px;
}

.flow-grid article,
.method-grid article,
.equation-card {
  min-height: 188px;
  padding: 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--surface);
}

.flow-grid article {
  min-height: 210px;
}

.flow-grid span {
  display: inline-flex;
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--teal);
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.flow-grid article:nth-child(2) span {
  background: var(--coral);
}

.flow-grid article:nth-child(3) span {
  background: var(--gold);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.flow-grid article:nth-child(4) span {
  background: var(--green);
}

.method-grid article:nth-child(1) {
  border-top: 5px solid var(--teal);
}

.method-grid article:nth-child(2) {
  border-top: 5px solid var(--coral);
}

.method-grid article:nth-child(3) {
  border-top: 5px solid var(--green);
}

.method-grid p,
.flow-grid p,
.equation-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.equation-card {
  min-height: 220px;
}

.formula {
  overflow-x: auto;
  margin: 12px 0 14px;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #111827;
  color: #f8fafc;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.formula mjx-container {
  margin: 0 !important;
  color: #f8fafc;
}

.text-figure,
.result-block {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(300px, 0.72fr) minmax(0, 1.7fr);
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: 34px;
}

.result-block {
  margin-top: 44px;
}

.result-block.reverse {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.7fr) minmax(300px, 0.72fr);
}

.result-block.reverse .result-copy {
  order: 2;
}

.result-copy {
  padding: 26px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--surface);
}

.result-copy p {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.evidence-list {
  margin: 18px 0 0;
  padding-left: 20px;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.evidence-list li + li {
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.ablation-note {
  margin-top: 40px;
  padding: 26px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #fff8f2;
}

.ablation-note h3 {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.ablation-note p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.table-card {
  margin-top: 30px;
  padding: 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--surface);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(20, 33, 61, 0.08);
}

.full-table {
  margin-top: 36px;
}

.inline-table {
  margin-top: 22px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.table-card h3,
.table-card h4 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}

.table-note {
  margin: -6px 0 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
}

.table-scroll {
  overflow-x: auto;
}

table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  min-width: 820px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

th,
td {
  padding: 11px 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}

th {
  background: #eef6f3;
  color: #213047;
  font-weight: 800;
}

tbody tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

td strong {
  color: var(--coral);
}

pre {
  overflow-x: auto;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #111827;
  color: #f8fafc;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

code {
  font-family: "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", monospace;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.footer {
  padding: 36px 20px 46px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  text-align: center;
  background: #fff;
}

.footer p {
  margin: 6px 0;
}

@media (max-width: 780px) {
  .topbar {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .hero {
    min-height: auto;
  }

  .hero-body {
    padding-top: 42px;
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    max-width: calc(100vw - 40px);
    line-height: 1.18;
  }

  .title-desktop {
    display: none;
  }

  .title-mobile {
    display: inline;
  }

  .actions {
    display: grid;
    width: calc(100vw - 40px);
    max-width: calc(100vw - 40px);
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .button {
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 0;
    padding-left: 12px;
    padding-right: 12px;
  }

  .button:last-child {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .authors,
  .affiliations,
  .tldr {
    width: calc(100vw - 40px);
    max-width: calc(100vw - 40px);
  }

  .method-grid,
  .flow-grid,
  .equation-grid,
  .text-figure,
  .result-block,
  .result-block.reverse {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .result-block.reverse .result-copy {
    order: 0;
  }

  .section-pad {
    padding: 54px 0;
  }

  .tldr {
    padding: 16px;
  }
}